Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

VAKIF FONLARI İLE DESTEKLENEN KÂR AMACI GÜTMEYEN GAZETECİLİK: AVANTAJLAR VE AÇMAZLAR

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 229 - 248, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1334663

Abstract

Gazetecilik tarihsel süreç içerisinde ekonomik ve toplumsal anlamda birçok sorun yaşamaktadır. Bu sorunlar gazeteciliğin nitelikli bir biçimde icra edilmesini engellemekte, medyanın demokratik işlevlerinin göz ardı edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Yaşanan krizlerin yarattığı mesleki deformasyonun aşılması için birçok adım atılmaktadır. Gazeteciliğin yoğun ticarileşmesinin önlenmesi adına ortaya çıkan kâr amacı gütmeyen gazetecilik, büyük oranda vakıflarla desteklenen, ekonomik kaygılar olmaksızın kamu yararını gözeten bir habercilik anlayışıdır. Bu çalışma, yoğun bir araştırma konusu olmayan kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliği alanyazın taraması ile ele almakta, kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliğin kapsamı, işleyişi, avantajları ve açmazlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerde; ABD’de oldukça güçlü bir uygulama alanı bulan kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliğin küresel alanın tamamında yaygın olmadığı görülmektedir. Kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliğin toplumsal katılım, hesap verilebilirlik, şeffaflık, çoğulculuk, kamu denetimi, yeni bir gelir modeli yaratma gibi birçok konuda katkı sağladığını dile getirmek yanlış olmayacaktır. Bunların yanı sıra kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliğin günümüzde haberciliğin belirleyici ana aktörü olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliğin tarafsızlık, bağımsızlık, sürdürülebilirlik, etki ölçümü ve yaygınlık konusunda birçok sorunu içerisinde barındırdığı tespit edilmektedir. Kâr amacı gütmeyen gazetecilikte bağımsız bir haber üretim süreci ile gelir açısından net ve kalıcı bir sistemden söz etmek mümkün değildir. Bu problemler kâr amacı gütmeyen gazeteciliği tartışmaya açmakta, etik açıdan eleştirileri gündeme getirmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Herhangi bir kurum/kuruluştan destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Adaklı, G. (2009). Gazetecilik etiğini belirleyen yapısal unsurlar: Mülkiyet ve kontrol sorunu. B. Çaplı ve H. Tuncel (Ed.), Televizyon haberciliğinde etik. (ss. 61-96). Ankara: Fersa Matbaacılık.
  • Adkins, L. T. (2021). Nonprofit journalism is booming in the U.S. here’s why. https://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/nonprofit-journalism-is-booming-in-the-u-s-heres-why/#google_vignette Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Adriano, A. (2019). Nonprofits investigate profits: Investigative journalists play a key role in bringing corruption to light. Finance & Development, 56(3), 38-39.
  • AJP (2023). American Journalism Project announces $3.25 million in grants to three local, nonprofit news organizations. https://www.theajp.org/news-insights/announcements/american-journalism-project-announces-3-25-million-in-grants-to-three-local-nonprofit-news-organizations/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Baggi, G. R. (2011). Nonprofit Investigative Journalism in Europe: Motives, Organizations, and Practices. University of Hamburg Master Thesis, Hamburg.
  • Barnett, J. (2009). Nonprofit journalism: The journey from anomaly to a new paradigm. https://www.niemanlab.org/2009/08/nonprofit-journalism-the-journey-from-anomaly-to-a-new-paradigm/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Benson, R. (2018). Can foundations solve the journalism crisis? Journalism, 19(8), 1059–1077.
  • Binaet (t.y.). Hakkımızda. https://bianet.org/hakkimizda Erişim Tarihi: 3.11.2023.
  • Birnbauer, B. (2019). The rise of nonprofit investigative journalism in the United States. New York: Routledge. Bora, T. (2022). Milli güvenlik sorunu haline gelmiştir. https://birikimdergisi.com/haftalik/10841/milli-guvenlik-sorunu-haline-gelmistir Erişim Tarihi: 4.11.2023.
  • Bower, B. C. (2022). With accelerating growth, nonprofit news ushers in new era of journalism. https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/with-accelerating-growth-nonprofit-news-ushers-in-new-era-of-journalism Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Brauer, D. (2009). The downside of nonprofit news organizations like MinnPost. https://www.minnpost.com/braublog/2009/10/downside-nonprofit-news-organizations-minnpost/ Erişim Tarihi: 4.7.2023.
  • Browne, H. (2019). Philanthropy-Supported Journalism. The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies. Dublin: Technological University.
  • Camaj, L. (2023). The monitorial role of crowdsourced journalism: Audience engagement in corruption reporting in nonprofit newsrooms. Journalism Practice, 17(5), 911-929.
  • Carpenter, S. Boehmer, J. and Fico, F. (2016). the measurement of journalistic role enactments: A study of organizational constraints and support in for-profit and nonprofit journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93, 587–608.
  • Carvajal, M., García-Aviles, J. A. and Gonzalez, J. L (2012). Crowdfunding and non-profit media. Journalism Practice, 6 (5-6), 638-647.
  • Casero-Ripolles, A. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on journalism: A set of transformations in five domains. Comunicação e sociedade, (40), 53-69.
  • Coates Nee, R. (2014). Social responsibility theory and the digital nonprofits: Should the government aid online news startups? Journalism, 15(3), 326–343.
  • D’Amato, E. (2019). Hard news for nonprofit media: 23 pitfalls facing donor-funded journalism Initiatives. https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2019/10/31/hard-news-for-nonprofit-media-23-pitfalls-facing-donor-funded-journalism-initiatives Erişim Tarihi: 2.7.2023.
  • Edmonds R. (2015) Knight Foundation finds nonprofit sites’ revenue rising but sustainability elusive. https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/knight-foundation-finds-nonprofit-sites-revenue-rising-but-sustainability-elusive/ Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Edmonds, R. (2019). A fresh look at the rise of nonprofit journalism-and the issues that remain. https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2019/a-fresh-look-at-the-rise-of-nonprofit-journalism-and-the-issues-that-remain/ Erişim Tarihi: 2.7.2023.
  • Elliot, P. (2023). The shrinking newsroom crisis will be impossible to ignore in 2024. https://time.com/6269573/local-journalism-decline-2024-election/ Erişim Tarihi: 2.7.2023.
  • Ferrucci, P. ve Alaimo, K. I. (2020). Escaping the news desert: Nonprofit news and open-system journalism organizations. Journalism, 21(4), 489–506.
  • Ferrucci, P. ve Nelson, J. L. (2019). The new advertisers: How foundation funding impacts journalism. Media and Communication, 7(4), 45–55.
  • Fischer, S. (2021). Pandemic drives nonprofit media boom. https://www.axios.com/2021/02/23/covid-newspapers-nonprofit-media Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Gazegen24 (2020). Biz Kimiz? https://gezegen24.com/biz-kimiz/ Erişim Tarihi: 3.11.2023.
  • Green, D. (2016). Balanced approach can work, despite perception problems. https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/dan-green-balance/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Hale, M. L. (2017). Nonprofit Investigative Journalism Conversations about Impact and Reach. NJ: Seton Hall University Selected Works.
  • Holcomb, J. (2013). What’s next for nonprofit journalism? https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2013/10/03/whats-next-for-nonprofit-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • INN (2022). INN Index 2022: The state of nonprofit news. Beverly Hills: Institute for Nonprofit News.
  • INN (2023). Index snapshot report 2023: Growing resources lead to sector expansion. Beverly Hills: Institute for Nonprofit News.
  • Inside Climate News (2023). Awards. https://insideclimatenews.org/about/awards/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Izadi, E (2021). The troubling new void in local journalism-and the nonprofits trying to fill it. Erişim: https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2021/12/06/media-states-newsroom-government/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Jitasa (2020). What is nonprofit journalism, https://www.jitasagroup.com/jitasa_nonprofit_blog/nonprofit-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 7.7.2023.
  • Konieczna M. (2018). Journalism without profit: Making news when the market fails. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Konieczna, M, ve Powers, E. (2017). What can nonprofit journalists actually do for democracy? Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1542-1558.
  • Konieczna, M. (2019). Nonprofit news: An exploration of a changing field. T. P. Vos, and F. Hanusch (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies. NJ: Wiley. Doi:10.1002/9781118841570.iejs0067
  • Lanosga, G. and Houston, B. (2017) Spotlight: Journalists assess investigative reporting and its status in society. Journalism Practice, 11(9), 1101-1120.
  • Lewis, C. (2007). The nonprofit road: It's paved not with gold, but with good journalism. Columbia Journalism Review, 46(3), 32-36.
  • Lewis, C. (2009). 10 rules of the road for nonprofit centers. The IRE Journal, 32(2), 36-38.
  • Lewis, C. (2016). Journalists create more investigative nonprofits world- wide, despite the risks. Investigative Reporting Workshop. https://dra.american.edu/islandora/object/auislandora%3A64011 Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Majid, A. (2021). New ways to fund journalism-philanthropy: Big in the US, worth £55m since 2019 in UK. https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/philanthropy-funding-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Martin, T. (2023). For-Profit news outlets are exploring nonprofit models. https://johnsoncenter.org/blog/for-profit-news-outlets-are-exploring-nonprofit-models/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Mathis, J. (2021). Can nonprofit news fill the local journalism void in Kansas? https://klcjournal.com/nonprofit-news-solution/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Medyascope (t.y.). Medyascope hakkında. https://medyascope.tv/hakkinda/ Erişim Tarihi: 3.11.2023.
  • Mother Jones (2023). Awards and accolades. https://www.motherjones.com/about/awards/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Mother Jones (t.y.). About. https://www.motherjones.com/about/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Moyo, D. (2021). Philanthropy-funded journalism: Implications for media independence and editorial credibility in South Africa. In H. S. Dunn, D. Moyo, W. O. Lesitaokana, S. B. Barnabas (Eds.), Re-imagining communication in Africa and the Caribbean: Global South issues in media, culture and technology, (pp. 193-216). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Navarro, J. G. (2023). Impact of coronavirus on growth of media owners advertising revenues in the United States as of March 2020, by medium, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1109679/coronavirus-impact-growth-of-media-advertising-revenues-in-the-us-by-medium/ Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Nisbet, E. C., Nisbet, M. C., Scheufele, D. A. and Shanahan, J. E. (2004). Public diplomacy, television news and muslim opinion. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 9(2), 11-37.
  • Nisbet, M., Wihbey, J., Kristiansen, S. and Bajak, A. (2018). Funding the news: Foundations and nonprofit media. Massachusetts: Harvard Kennedy School Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy.
  • Ntibanyane, N. (2018). Investigative journalism in Africa: An exploratory study of Non-profit investigative journalism organizations in Africa. Oxford: University of Oxford Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper.
  • Pew Research Center (2014). The revenue picture for american journalism, and how ıt ıs changing. Washington: Pew Research Center.
  • Picard, R. G. (2011). Charitable ownership and trusts in news organisations. D. A. L. Levy, ve Picard, R. G. (Eds.), Is there a better structure for news providers? the potential in charitable and trust ownership. (pp. 17-30). Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
  • Pickard, V. (2017). Can charity save journalism from market failure? https://theconversation.com/can-charity-save-journalism-from-market-failure-75833 Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Pickard, V. (2022). 2023 tahmini: Gazeteciliğin kapitalizmden nihayet boşanacağı yıl. https://journo.com.tr/gazetecilik-kapitalizm-medya Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • ProPublica (2023). Awards. https://www.propublica.org/awards Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • ProPublica (t.y.). About us. https://www.propublica.org/about/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Requejo-Aleman, J. L. and Lugo-Ocando, J. (2014). Assessing the sustainability of latin american investigative non-profit journalism. Journalism Studies, 15(5), 522-532.
  • Rosentiel T., Buzenberg, W., Connelly, M. and Loker, K. (2016) Charting new ground: The ethical terrain of nonprofit journalism. Virginia: American Press Institute.
  • Schilders, H. (2008). Non-profit journalism: Is philanthropy the answer? http://pulitzercenter.org/sites/default/files/helene%20article.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Schmidt, C. (2019). Meet the eight European news organizations with (funded) plans for engaged journalism. https://www.niemanlab.org/2019/01/meet-the-eight-european-news-organizations-with-funded-plans-for-engaged-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Schneider, G. (2021). The sheen of nonprofit news wears off. https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/12/the-sheen-of-nonprofit-news-wears-off/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Scire, S. (2020). Nonprofit news organizations are becoming more diverse, but they still lag behind the communities they cover. https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/09/nonprofit-news-organizations-are-becoming-more-diverse-but-they-still-lag-behind-the-communities-they-cover/ Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Scott, M. (2010). What’s wrong with philanthro-journalism? https://niemanstoryboard.org/articles/whats-wrong-with-philanthro-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Scott, M., Bunce, M., and Wright, K. (2019). Foundation funding and the boundaries of journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2034-2052.
  • Sims, K. (2019). Funding models in journalism (part 1): non-profit cooperative & community models. https://yourvoiceohio.org/funding-models-in-journalism-part-1-non-profit-cooperative-community-models/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Smith, N. (2019). Who, what, when, where, and why? A new story of journalism, as told by nonprofit news organizations. Appalachian State University Honors Thesis, North Carolina.
  • Swensen, D. and Schmidt, M. (2009). News you can endow. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/28/opinion/28swensen.html Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. (2017). Kâr amaçlı gazetecilik ölüyor mu? https://journo.com.tr/kar-amacli-gazetecilik Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. ve Uyar, V. (2021). Türkiye’nin dijital haber odalarının gelir modelleri. NewslabTurkey Research Hub.
  • Voice of San Diego (t.y.). Our story and mission. https://voiceofsandiego.org/about-us/our-mission/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Waldman, S. (2023). Legacy media needs to be transformed, not discarded. https://niemanreports.org/articles/legacy-media-local-news/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Wright, K., Scott, M. and Bunce, M. (2019). Foundation-funded journalism, philanthrocapitalism and tainted donors. Journalism Studies, 20(5), 675-695.
  • Yanardağoğlu, E. (2014). Uluslararası iletişim ve kamu diplomasisi: BBC Dünya Servisi haber merkezi örneği. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 38, 116-132.
  • Yanardağoğlu, E. (2022). Media and democratic backsliding: Lessons from the Turkish case. Hellenic Foundation For European & Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP), Athens.
  • Yaylagül, L. (2010). Kitle iletişim kuramları: Egemen ve eleştirel yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.

Nonprofit Journalism Supported By Foundation Funds: Advantages And Dilemmas

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 229 - 248, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1334663

Abstract

Journalism has faced many economic and social problems in the historical process. These problems prevent journalism from being practiced in a qualified manner and cause the democratic functions of the media to be ignored. Many steps are being taken to overcome the professional deformation caused by the crises. Non-profit journalism, which emerged in order to combat the intense commercialization of journalism, is an approach to journalism that is largely supported by foundations and that seeks the public interest without economic concerns. This study examines nonprofit journalism, which is not a subject of intensive research, through a literature review and aims to analyze the scope, functioning, advantages and dilemmas of nonprofit journalism. The data obtained in the study reveals that nonprofit journalism, which has a strong practice in the US, is not widespread in the entire global arena. It would not be wrong to say that non-profit journalism contributes to many issues such as social participation, accountability, transparency, pluralism, public control, and creating a new income model. In addition, it is believed that non-profit journalism is not the main determinant of journalism today. Non-profit journalism is characterized by many problems in terms of impartiality, independence, sustainability, impact measurement and spread. In non-profit journalism, it is not possible to talk about an independent news production process and a clear and permanent system in terms of income. These problems put nonprofit journalism on the agenda for discussion and raise ethical criticism.

References

  • Adaklı, G. (2009). Gazetecilik etiğini belirleyen yapısal unsurlar: Mülkiyet ve kontrol sorunu. B. Çaplı ve H. Tuncel (Ed.), Televizyon haberciliğinde etik. (ss. 61-96). Ankara: Fersa Matbaacılık.
  • Adkins, L. T. (2021). Nonprofit journalism is booming in the U.S. here’s why. https://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/nonprofit-journalism-is-booming-in-the-u-s-heres-why/#google_vignette Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Adriano, A. (2019). Nonprofits investigate profits: Investigative journalists play a key role in bringing corruption to light. Finance & Development, 56(3), 38-39.
  • AJP (2023). American Journalism Project announces $3.25 million in grants to three local, nonprofit news organizations. https://www.theajp.org/news-insights/announcements/american-journalism-project-announces-3-25-million-in-grants-to-three-local-nonprofit-news-organizations/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Baggi, G. R. (2011). Nonprofit Investigative Journalism in Europe: Motives, Organizations, and Practices. University of Hamburg Master Thesis, Hamburg.
  • Barnett, J. (2009). Nonprofit journalism: The journey from anomaly to a new paradigm. https://www.niemanlab.org/2009/08/nonprofit-journalism-the-journey-from-anomaly-to-a-new-paradigm/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Benson, R. (2018). Can foundations solve the journalism crisis? Journalism, 19(8), 1059–1077.
  • Binaet (t.y.). Hakkımızda. https://bianet.org/hakkimizda Erişim Tarihi: 3.11.2023.
  • Birnbauer, B. (2019). The rise of nonprofit investigative journalism in the United States. New York: Routledge. Bora, T. (2022). Milli güvenlik sorunu haline gelmiştir. https://birikimdergisi.com/haftalik/10841/milli-guvenlik-sorunu-haline-gelmistir Erişim Tarihi: 4.11.2023.
  • Bower, B. C. (2022). With accelerating growth, nonprofit news ushers in new era of journalism. https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/with-accelerating-growth-nonprofit-news-ushers-in-new-era-of-journalism Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Brauer, D. (2009). The downside of nonprofit news organizations like MinnPost. https://www.minnpost.com/braublog/2009/10/downside-nonprofit-news-organizations-minnpost/ Erişim Tarihi: 4.7.2023.
  • Browne, H. (2019). Philanthropy-Supported Journalism. The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies. Dublin: Technological University.
  • Camaj, L. (2023). The monitorial role of crowdsourced journalism: Audience engagement in corruption reporting in nonprofit newsrooms. Journalism Practice, 17(5), 911-929.
  • Carpenter, S. Boehmer, J. and Fico, F. (2016). the measurement of journalistic role enactments: A study of organizational constraints and support in for-profit and nonprofit journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93, 587–608.
  • Carvajal, M., García-Aviles, J. A. and Gonzalez, J. L (2012). Crowdfunding and non-profit media. Journalism Practice, 6 (5-6), 638-647.
  • Casero-Ripolles, A. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on journalism: A set of transformations in five domains. Comunicação e sociedade, (40), 53-69.
  • Coates Nee, R. (2014). Social responsibility theory and the digital nonprofits: Should the government aid online news startups? Journalism, 15(3), 326–343.
  • D’Amato, E. (2019). Hard news for nonprofit media: 23 pitfalls facing donor-funded journalism Initiatives. https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2019/10/31/hard-news-for-nonprofit-media-23-pitfalls-facing-donor-funded-journalism-initiatives Erişim Tarihi: 2.7.2023.
  • Edmonds R. (2015) Knight Foundation finds nonprofit sites’ revenue rising but sustainability elusive. https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/knight-foundation-finds-nonprofit-sites-revenue-rising-but-sustainability-elusive/ Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Edmonds, R. (2019). A fresh look at the rise of nonprofit journalism-and the issues that remain. https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2019/a-fresh-look-at-the-rise-of-nonprofit-journalism-and-the-issues-that-remain/ Erişim Tarihi: 2.7.2023.
  • Elliot, P. (2023). The shrinking newsroom crisis will be impossible to ignore in 2024. https://time.com/6269573/local-journalism-decline-2024-election/ Erişim Tarihi: 2.7.2023.
  • Ferrucci, P. ve Alaimo, K. I. (2020). Escaping the news desert: Nonprofit news and open-system journalism organizations. Journalism, 21(4), 489–506.
  • Ferrucci, P. ve Nelson, J. L. (2019). The new advertisers: How foundation funding impacts journalism. Media and Communication, 7(4), 45–55.
  • Fischer, S. (2021). Pandemic drives nonprofit media boom. https://www.axios.com/2021/02/23/covid-newspapers-nonprofit-media Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Gazegen24 (2020). Biz Kimiz? https://gezegen24.com/biz-kimiz/ Erişim Tarihi: 3.11.2023.
  • Green, D. (2016). Balanced approach can work, despite perception problems. https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/dan-green-balance/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Hale, M. L. (2017). Nonprofit Investigative Journalism Conversations about Impact and Reach. NJ: Seton Hall University Selected Works.
  • Holcomb, J. (2013). What’s next for nonprofit journalism? https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2013/10/03/whats-next-for-nonprofit-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • INN (2022). INN Index 2022: The state of nonprofit news. Beverly Hills: Institute for Nonprofit News.
  • INN (2023). Index snapshot report 2023: Growing resources lead to sector expansion. Beverly Hills: Institute for Nonprofit News.
  • Inside Climate News (2023). Awards. https://insideclimatenews.org/about/awards/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Izadi, E (2021). The troubling new void in local journalism-and the nonprofits trying to fill it. Erişim: https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2021/12/06/media-states-newsroom-government/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Jitasa (2020). What is nonprofit journalism, https://www.jitasagroup.com/jitasa_nonprofit_blog/nonprofit-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 7.7.2023.
  • Konieczna M. (2018). Journalism without profit: Making news when the market fails. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Konieczna, M, ve Powers, E. (2017). What can nonprofit journalists actually do for democracy? Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1542-1558.
  • Konieczna, M. (2019). Nonprofit news: An exploration of a changing field. T. P. Vos, and F. Hanusch (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies. NJ: Wiley. Doi:10.1002/9781118841570.iejs0067
  • Lanosga, G. and Houston, B. (2017) Spotlight: Journalists assess investigative reporting and its status in society. Journalism Practice, 11(9), 1101-1120.
  • Lewis, C. (2007). The nonprofit road: It's paved not with gold, but with good journalism. Columbia Journalism Review, 46(3), 32-36.
  • Lewis, C. (2009). 10 rules of the road for nonprofit centers. The IRE Journal, 32(2), 36-38.
  • Lewis, C. (2016). Journalists create more investigative nonprofits world- wide, despite the risks. Investigative Reporting Workshop. https://dra.american.edu/islandora/object/auislandora%3A64011 Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Majid, A. (2021). New ways to fund journalism-philanthropy: Big in the US, worth £55m since 2019 in UK. https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/philanthropy-funding-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Martin, T. (2023). For-Profit news outlets are exploring nonprofit models. https://johnsoncenter.org/blog/for-profit-news-outlets-are-exploring-nonprofit-models/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Mathis, J. (2021). Can nonprofit news fill the local journalism void in Kansas? https://klcjournal.com/nonprofit-news-solution/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Medyascope (t.y.). Medyascope hakkında. https://medyascope.tv/hakkinda/ Erişim Tarihi: 3.11.2023.
  • Mother Jones (2023). Awards and accolades. https://www.motherjones.com/about/awards/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Mother Jones (t.y.). About. https://www.motherjones.com/about/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Moyo, D. (2021). Philanthropy-funded journalism: Implications for media independence and editorial credibility in South Africa. In H. S. Dunn, D. Moyo, W. O. Lesitaokana, S. B. Barnabas (Eds.), Re-imagining communication in Africa and the Caribbean: Global South issues in media, culture and technology, (pp. 193-216). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Navarro, J. G. (2023). Impact of coronavirus on growth of media owners advertising revenues in the United States as of March 2020, by medium, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1109679/coronavirus-impact-growth-of-media-advertising-revenues-in-the-us-by-medium/ Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Nisbet, E. C., Nisbet, M. C., Scheufele, D. A. and Shanahan, J. E. (2004). Public diplomacy, television news and muslim opinion. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 9(2), 11-37.
  • Nisbet, M., Wihbey, J., Kristiansen, S. and Bajak, A. (2018). Funding the news: Foundations and nonprofit media. Massachusetts: Harvard Kennedy School Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy.
  • Ntibanyane, N. (2018). Investigative journalism in Africa: An exploratory study of Non-profit investigative journalism organizations in Africa. Oxford: University of Oxford Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper.
  • Pew Research Center (2014). The revenue picture for american journalism, and how ıt ıs changing. Washington: Pew Research Center.
  • Picard, R. G. (2011). Charitable ownership and trusts in news organisations. D. A. L. Levy, ve Picard, R. G. (Eds.), Is there a better structure for news providers? the potential in charitable and trust ownership. (pp. 17-30). Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
  • Pickard, V. (2017). Can charity save journalism from market failure? https://theconversation.com/can-charity-save-journalism-from-market-failure-75833 Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Pickard, V. (2022). 2023 tahmini: Gazeteciliğin kapitalizmden nihayet boşanacağı yıl. https://journo.com.tr/gazetecilik-kapitalizm-medya Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • ProPublica (2023). Awards. https://www.propublica.org/awards Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • ProPublica (t.y.). About us. https://www.propublica.org/about/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Requejo-Aleman, J. L. and Lugo-Ocando, J. (2014). Assessing the sustainability of latin american investigative non-profit journalism. Journalism Studies, 15(5), 522-532.
  • Rosentiel T., Buzenberg, W., Connelly, M. and Loker, K. (2016) Charting new ground: The ethical terrain of nonprofit journalism. Virginia: American Press Institute.
  • Schilders, H. (2008). Non-profit journalism: Is philanthropy the answer? http://pulitzercenter.org/sites/default/files/helene%20article.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Schmidt, C. (2019). Meet the eight European news organizations with (funded) plans for engaged journalism. https://www.niemanlab.org/2019/01/meet-the-eight-european-news-organizations-with-funded-plans-for-engaged-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Schneider, G. (2021). The sheen of nonprofit news wears off. https://www.niemanlab.org/2021/12/the-sheen-of-nonprofit-news-wears-off/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Scire, S. (2020). Nonprofit news organizations are becoming more diverse, but they still lag behind the communities they cover. https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/09/nonprofit-news-organizations-are-becoming-more-diverse-but-they-still-lag-behind-the-communities-they-cover/ Erişim Tarihi: 1.7.2023.
  • Scott, M. (2010). What’s wrong with philanthro-journalism? https://niemanstoryboard.org/articles/whats-wrong-with-philanthro-journalism/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Scott, M., Bunce, M., and Wright, K. (2019). Foundation funding and the boundaries of journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2034-2052.
  • Sims, K. (2019). Funding models in journalism (part 1): non-profit cooperative & community models. https://yourvoiceohio.org/funding-models-in-journalism-part-1-non-profit-cooperative-community-models/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Smith, N. (2019). Who, what, when, where, and why? A new story of journalism, as told by nonprofit news organizations. Appalachian State University Honors Thesis, North Carolina.
  • Swensen, D. and Schmidt, M. (2009). News you can endow. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/28/opinion/28swensen.html Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. (2017). Kâr amaçlı gazetecilik ölüyor mu? https://journo.com.tr/kar-amacli-gazetecilik Erişim Tarihi: 3.7.2023.
  • Uzunoğlu, S. ve Uyar, V. (2021). Türkiye’nin dijital haber odalarının gelir modelleri. NewslabTurkey Research Hub.
  • Voice of San Diego (t.y.). Our story and mission. https://voiceofsandiego.org/about-us/our-mission/ Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2023.
  • Waldman, S. (2023). Legacy media needs to be transformed, not discarded. https://niemanreports.org/articles/legacy-media-local-news/ Erişim Tarihi: 6.7.2023.
  • Wright, K., Scott, M. and Bunce, M. (2019). Foundation-funded journalism, philanthrocapitalism and tainted donors. Journalism Studies, 20(5), 675-695.
  • Yanardağoğlu, E. (2014). Uluslararası iletişim ve kamu diplomasisi: BBC Dünya Servisi haber merkezi örneği. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, 38, 116-132.
  • Yanardağoğlu, E. (2022). Media and democratic backsliding: Lessons from the Turkish case. Hellenic Foundation For European & Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP), Athens.
  • Yaylagül, L. (2010). Kitle iletişim kuramları: Egemen ve eleştirel yaklaşımlar. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.
There are 76 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Journalism
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Emrah Budak 0000-0001-6896-7558

Publication Date December 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Budak, E. (2023). VAKIF FONLARI İLE DESTEKLENEN KÂR AMACI GÜTMEYEN GAZETECİLİK: AVANTAJLAR VE AÇMAZLAR. İnönü Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (İNİF E-Dergi), 8(2), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.47107/inifedergi.1334663