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ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE TOPRAK REFORMU VE KOLEKTİF ÜRETİM İMGESİNİN İNŞASI: BİR İDEOLOJİ İLETİŞİMİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 89 - 103, 31.01.2026

Mehmet Barış Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.47771/aid.1819056

Öz

Çin İç Savaşı’nın sürdüğü dönemde Mao Zedong liderliğindeki komünist rejim, Çinli köylülerin toprak sahibi olması için toprak ağalarının ellerindeki toprakların Çinli köylülere dağıtılmasına yönelik politikaya yönelmiştir. Bu politika iç savaşın bitmesi ve Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin (ÇHC) kurulmasından sonra da devam etmiş ve çok sayıda toprak ağasının elinden toprakları alınarak Çinli köylülere verilmiştir. Komünist rejim, Çin’de gerçekleştirdiği toprak reformuyla birlikte aynı zamanda ortak kullanımı da özendirmiş, köylülerin kolektif bir şekilde tarımsal üretimde bulunmasını teşvik etmiştir. Rejim, toprak reformu ve ortak kullanıma yönelik propagandaya girişmiş, bu propaganda kapsamında da Komünizm ideolojisinin kitleler tarafından benimsetilmesine çalışmıştır. Bu dönemde hazırlanan toprak reformu ve ortak kullanım konulu çeşitli posterler üzerinden de Komünizm ideolojisine yönelik propaganda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu açıdan konuya ilişkin posterlerin incelenmesi, dönemin toprak reformu ve ortak kullanım yoluyla Çin’deki komünist rejim tarafından yapılan ideolojik propagandaya ışık tutulması açısından önemlidir. Çalışmada ÇHC’de toprak reformu ve ortak kullanım konulu propaganda posterlerindeki göstergeler üzerinden Komünizm ideolojisi bağlamında ne tür mesajların verildiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada konuya ilişkin propaganda posterleri, Geoffrey Leech’in Anlamlandırmanın Yedi Türü üzerinden kapsamlı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada komünist rejimin altında Çin halkının toprak reformundan ve kolektif çalışmadan memnun olduğuna ve Komünizm ideolojiyle verimli bir üretimin gerçekleştiğine yönelik algı inşa edilmeye çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu şekilde komünist rejimin Çin kamuoyunda meşrulaştırılmasının amaçlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Komünizm Propaganda Toprak Reformu Ortak Kullanım Çin

Kaynakça

  • Almond, D., Li, H., & Zhang, S. (2019). Land reform and sex selection in China. Journal of Political Economy, 127(2), 560-585.
  • Arıca, F. A. (2019). Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Mao Zedong döneminde spor yayıncılığı üzerine inceleme. TRT Akademi, 4(8), 392-408.
  • Ash, R. (1976). Economic aspects of land reform in Kiangsu, 1949–52. The China Quarterly, 66, 261-292.
  • Bandyopadhyaya, K. (1971). Collectivization of Chinese Agriculture: Triumphs and Tragedies (1953-57). China Report, 7(1), 42-53.
  • Bramall, C. (2000). Inequality, land reform and agricultural growth in China, 1952–55: A preliminary treatment. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 27(3), 30-54.
  • Chen, F., & Davis, J. (1998). Land reform in rural China since the mid-1980s. Land Reform, Land Settlement, and Cooperatives, 6(2), 123-37.
  • Chen, S., Peng, Y., & Wang, D. (2024). Communism and patricide: Collectivization and domestic violence in 1960s China. The Economic History Review, 77(2), 703-727.
  • Chineseposters (2025). Çin’in Toprak Reformu ve Ortak Kullanım Konulu Propaganda Posterleri. Erişim Linki: https://chineseposters.net/themes/land-reform. Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2025.
  • Deng, F. F. (2003a). China's urban land reform, urban productivity, and local government behavior. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 44(3), 210-227.
  • Deng, F. F. (2003b). Development zones and urban land reform in China. Asian Geographer, 22(1-2), 5-25.
  • Deng, F. F., & Huang, Y. (2004). Uneven land reform and urban sprawl in China: the case of Beijing. Progress in Planning, 61(3), 211-236.
  • Diamond, N. (1975). Collectivization, kinship, and the status of women in rural China. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 7(1), 25-32.
  • Diamond, N. (1985). Rural collectivization and decollectivization in China—a review article. The Journal of Asian Studies, 44(4), 785-792.
  • Fairbank, J. K. Goldman, M. (2006). China: A New History, Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press.
  • Henze, P. B. (1954). Agricultural collectivization in communist China. Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, 41(3-4), 238-248.
  • Hsueh, T. T., & Liu, P. W. (1980). Collectivization of Chinese agricultural production, 1952–1957: A land-saving organizational change. Journal of Comparative Economics, 4(4), 378-398.
  • Huang, P. C. C. (1995). Rural class struggle in the Chinese revolution: representational and objective realities from the Land Reform to the Cultural Revolution. Modern China, 21(1), 105-143.
  • IISG (1951). Birinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1181496. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1952). İkinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1289715. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1953). Üçüncü Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1055682. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1954a). Dördüncü Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1238440. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1954b). Beşinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1181503. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1955). Altıncı Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1031147. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1956a). Yedinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1078680. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1956b). Sekizinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1000073. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1958). Dokuzuncu Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1221388. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • Kung, J. K. S. (2008). The Political Economy of Land Reform in China's “Newly Liberated Areas”: Evidence from Wuxi County. The China Quarterly, 195, 675-690.
  • Li, H. (2008). Confrontation and conciliation under the socialist state: peasant resistance to agricultural collectivization in China in the 1950s. Twentieth-Century China, 33(2), 73-99.
  • Lin, J. Y. (1990). Collectivization and China's agricultural crisis in 1959-1961. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6), 1228-1252.
  • Liu, Y. (2006). Why did it go so high? Political mobilization and agricultural collectivization in China. The China Quarterly, 187, 732-742.
  • Nee, V. (1986). The peasant household economy and decollectivization in China. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 21(3-4), 185-203.
  • Patton. M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Spence, J. D. (1991). The Search For Modern China, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
  • Sun, S., Lopez, R., & Liu, X. (2017). Property rights, labor mobility and collectivization: The impact of institutional changes on China’s agriculture in 1950–1978. International Review of Economics & Finance, 52, 345-351.
  • Wan, G., Zhang, J., & Zuo, C. (2023). The Welfare Effects of Land Reform: Lessons from Yunnan, China. The Journal of Development Studies, 59(10), 1608-1625.
  • Zhang, X. Q. (1997). Urban land reform in China. Land Use Policy, 14(3), 187-199.
  • Zhang, L., Coulson, N. E., Liu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2024). State-owned enterprises and industrial land reform in China. The Annals of Regional Science, 72(1), 255-286.
  • Zhang, X. Q. (2000). The Impact of Land Reform on Housing Development in Urban China. Urban Design International, 5(1), 37-46.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE IMAGE OF LAND REFORM AND COLLECTIVE PRODUCTION IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: AN EXAMPLE OF IDEOLOGY COMMUNICATION

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 89 - 103, 31.01.2026

Mehmet Barış Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.47771/aid.1819056

Öz

During the Chinese Civil War, the communist regime under Mao Zedong's leadership implemented a policy of distributing land from landlords to Chinese peasants, ensuring that Chinese peasants could own land. This policy continued after the end of the civil war and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC), with numerous landowners' lands being taken from them and given to Chinese peasants. Along with the land reforms implemented in China, the communist regime also encouraged communal use and encouraged peasants to engage in collective agricultural production. The regime engaged in propaganda for land reform and collectivization, and as part of this propaganda, it attempted to instill communist ideology in the masses. Various posters on land reform and collectivization produced during this period also served as propaganda for communist ideology. Therefore, examining these posters is crucial for shedding light on the ideological propaganda conducted by the communist regime in China through land reform and collectivization. This study aimed to determine the messages conveyed within the context of communist ideology through the displays in propaganda posters about land reform and communal use in the PRC. To this end, the study comprehensively analyzed the propaganda posters based on Geoffrey Leech's Seven Types of Meaning. The study found that under the communist regime, the Chinese people were encouraged to perceive land reform and collective labor as satisfactory and that efficient production was achieved under communist ideology. It concluded that this was intended to legitimize the communist regime within the Chinese public opinion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Communism Propaganda Land Reform Collectivization

Kaynakça

  • Almond, D., Li, H., & Zhang, S. (2019). Land reform and sex selection in China. Journal of Political Economy, 127(2), 560-585.
  • Arıca, F. A. (2019). Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde Mao Zedong döneminde spor yayıncılığı üzerine inceleme. TRT Akademi, 4(8), 392-408.
  • Ash, R. (1976). Economic aspects of land reform in Kiangsu, 1949–52. The China Quarterly, 66, 261-292.
  • Bandyopadhyaya, K. (1971). Collectivization of Chinese Agriculture: Triumphs and Tragedies (1953-57). China Report, 7(1), 42-53.
  • Bramall, C. (2000). Inequality, land reform and agricultural growth in China, 1952–55: A preliminary treatment. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 27(3), 30-54.
  • Chen, F., & Davis, J. (1998). Land reform in rural China since the mid-1980s. Land Reform, Land Settlement, and Cooperatives, 6(2), 123-37.
  • Chen, S., Peng, Y., & Wang, D. (2024). Communism and patricide: Collectivization and domestic violence in 1960s China. The Economic History Review, 77(2), 703-727.
  • Chineseposters (2025). Çin’in Toprak Reformu ve Ortak Kullanım Konulu Propaganda Posterleri. Erişim Linki: https://chineseposters.net/themes/land-reform. Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2025.
  • Deng, F. F. (2003a). China's urban land reform, urban productivity, and local government behavior. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 44(3), 210-227.
  • Deng, F. F. (2003b). Development zones and urban land reform in China. Asian Geographer, 22(1-2), 5-25.
  • Deng, F. F., & Huang, Y. (2004). Uneven land reform and urban sprawl in China: the case of Beijing. Progress in Planning, 61(3), 211-236.
  • Diamond, N. (1975). Collectivization, kinship, and the status of women in rural China. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 7(1), 25-32.
  • Diamond, N. (1985). Rural collectivization and decollectivization in China—a review article. The Journal of Asian Studies, 44(4), 785-792.
  • Fairbank, J. K. Goldman, M. (2006). China: A New History, Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press.
  • Henze, P. B. (1954). Agricultural collectivization in communist China. Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society, 41(3-4), 238-248.
  • Hsueh, T. T., & Liu, P. W. (1980). Collectivization of Chinese agricultural production, 1952–1957: A land-saving organizational change. Journal of Comparative Economics, 4(4), 378-398.
  • Huang, P. C. C. (1995). Rural class struggle in the Chinese revolution: representational and objective realities from the Land Reform to the Cultural Revolution. Modern China, 21(1), 105-143.
  • IISG (1951). Birinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1181496. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1952). İkinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1289715. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1953). Üçüncü Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1055682. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1954a). Dördüncü Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1238440. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1954b). Beşinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1181503. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1955). Altıncı Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1031147. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1956a). Yedinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1078680. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1956b). Sekizinci Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1000073. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • IISG (1958). Dokuzuncu Propaganda Posteri. Erişim Linki: https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/1221388. Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2025.
  • Kung, J. K. S. (2008). The Political Economy of Land Reform in China's “Newly Liberated Areas”: Evidence from Wuxi County. The China Quarterly, 195, 675-690.
  • Li, H. (2008). Confrontation and conciliation under the socialist state: peasant resistance to agricultural collectivization in China in the 1950s. Twentieth-Century China, 33(2), 73-99.
  • Lin, J. Y. (1990). Collectivization and China's agricultural crisis in 1959-1961. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6), 1228-1252.
  • Liu, Y. (2006). Why did it go so high? Political mobilization and agricultural collectivization in China. The China Quarterly, 187, 732-742.
  • Nee, V. (1986). The peasant household economy and decollectivization in China. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 21(3-4), 185-203.
  • Patton. M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Spence, J. D. (1991). The Search For Modern China, W. W. Norton & Company, New York.
  • Sun, S., Lopez, R., & Liu, X. (2017). Property rights, labor mobility and collectivization: The impact of institutional changes on China’s agriculture in 1950–1978. International Review of Economics & Finance, 52, 345-351.
  • Wan, G., Zhang, J., & Zuo, C. (2023). The Welfare Effects of Land Reform: Lessons from Yunnan, China. The Journal of Development Studies, 59(10), 1608-1625.
  • Zhang, X. Q. (1997). Urban land reform in China. Land Use Policy, 14(3), 187-199.
  • Zhang, L., Coulson, N. E., Liu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2024). State-owned enterprises and industrial land reform in China. The Annals of Regional Science, 72(1), 255-286.
  • Zhang, X. Q. (2000). The Impact of Land Reform on Housing Development in Urban China. Urban Design International, 5(1), 37-46.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Barış Yılmaz 0000-0003-0928-2481

Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, M. B. (2026). ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE TOPRAK REFORMU VE KOLEKTİF ÜRETİM İMGESİNİN İNŞASI: BİR İDEOLOJİ İLETİŞİMİ ÖRNEĞİ. Aksaray İletişim Dergisi, 8(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.47771/aid.1819056
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